{"id":16418,"date":"2025-12-24T10:22:20","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T10:22:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptozen.asia\/vn\/vitalik-buterin-giai-thich-cach-ethereum-tranh-rui-ro-dos\/"},"modified":"2025-12-24T10:22:20","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T10:22:20","slug":"vitalik-buterin-giai-thich-cach-ethereum-tranh-rui-ro-dos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptozen.asia\/vn\/vitalik-buterin-giai-thich-cach-ethereum-tranh-rui-ro-dos\/","title":{"rendered":"Vitalik Buterin Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch C\u00e1ch Ethereum Tr\u00e1nh R\u1ee7i Ro DoS"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Ethereum v\u00e0 Vitalik Buterin<\/h2>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp <strong>Ethereum (ETH)<\/strong>, <strong>Vitalik Buterin<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 blockchain n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (<strong>DoS<\/strong>). Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Buterin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean Ethereum.<\/p>\n<h2>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 DoS<\/h2>\n<p>Theo Buterin, <strong>gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong> nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DoS. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c n\u00fat, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u1eb1m c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Khi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi gian l\u1eadn tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Buterin nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng <strong>gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc t\u00f9y \u00fd<\/strong> m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u1ecfi r\u1ee7i ro DoS. \u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e2y (Merkle Patricia Trie), ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>C\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gas cho c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. Buterin \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi <strong>Merkle Patricia Trie<\/strong>, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Buterin c\u0169ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch Ethereum l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh theo n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p <strong>c\u00e2y nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t EIP-7864<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro DoS do c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi <strong>EIP-7907<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 10 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1eabn s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi <strong>chi ph\u00ed gas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Chi ph\u00ed gas v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1n gas theo byte m\u00e3. Chi ph\u00ed, theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Buterin, kho\u1ea3ng <strong>82kb<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 &#8220;k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n&#8221; tr\u00ean Ethereum, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 gas khi tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, blockchain \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0o n\u0103m <strong>2026<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>&#8220;Hegota&#8221;<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 <strong>Verkle Trees<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Ethereum v\u00e0 Vitalik Buterin Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Ethereum (ETH), Vitalik Buterin, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 blockchain n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (DoS). Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Buterin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16417,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[11266,4218,4257],"class_list":["post-16418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ethereum","tag-eip-7907","tag-ethereum","tag-vitalik-buterin"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Vitalik Buterin Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch C\u00e1ch Ethereum Tr\u00e1nh R\u1ee7i Ro DoS - CryptoZen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vitalik Buterin gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Ethereum nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c 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