{"id":21370,"date":"2026-08-01T08:52:08","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T08:52:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptozen.asia\/vn\/bang-chung-cong-viec-la-gi-co-che-dong-thuan-thuc-day-bitcoin\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T08:52:08","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T08:52:08","slug":"bang-chung-cong-viec-la-gi-co-che-dong-thuan-thuc-day-bitcoin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptozen.asia\/vn\/bang-chung-cong-viec-la-gi-co-che-dong-thuan-thuc-day-bitcoin\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee9ng C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c L\u00e0 G\u00ec? C\u01a1 Ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ed3ng Thu\u1eadn Th\u00fac \u0110\u1ea9y Bitcoin"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee9ng C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c (Proof of Work)<\/h2>\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i giao d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi v\u00e0o blockchain<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do Bitcoin<\/strong> c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 hay m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1edd \u0111i m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng: b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao Bitcoin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i phi t\u1eadp trung. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan trung \u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ai s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft trang ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 giao d\u1ecbch. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi trao quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9c N\u0103ng v\u00e0 C\u1ea5u Tr\u00fac K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, l\u00fd do n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn cho Bitcoin, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, th\u00ec ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t h\u00e0m b\u0103m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Bitcoin s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SHA-256<\/strong>, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra 256 bit b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n hay m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110\u1ea7u ra tr\u00f4ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t bit duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ebft l\u1edf<\/strong>, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c b\u0103m tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00e0 th\u1eed c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p may. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n th\u1eed t\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ea7n th\u1eed n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh Khai Th\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean, h\u1ecd t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 b\u0103m kh\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nonce<\/strong>. Sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf b\u0103m ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, t\u0103ng nonce m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u0103m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3. Bitcoin hash rate \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c 1.12B TH\/s khi \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng t\u0103ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf gi\u1eef d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t 50 ng\u00e0y, nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn 117K \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>\n

Bitcoin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed7i 10 ph\u00fat. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c khi c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf tham gia, r\u1eddi b\u1ecf, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng r\u1ebb. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn nhanh h\u01a1n khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf tham gia v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n khi h\u1ecd r\u1eddi \u0111i. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3<\/strong> gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i 2,016 kh\u1ed1i, giao th\u1ee9c Bitcoin so s\u00e1nh th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 20,160 ph\u00fat. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn nhanh h\u01a1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n theo c\u1ea3 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thanh l\u1ecbch nh\u1ea5t trong Bitcoin. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Chi Ph\u00ed v\u00e0 An Ninh<\/h2>\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Bitcoin, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf trung th\u1ef1c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chu\u1ed7i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m<\/strong> v\u00ec n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda t\u1ed5ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng. Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Bitcoin. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u0103m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng 51 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u mua v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng khai th\u00e1c h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f3. Chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 gi\u00e1 Bitcoin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec m\u00e0 k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp.<\/p>\n

So S\u00e1nh V\u1edbi B\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee9ng C\u1ed5 Ph\u1ea7n<\/h2>\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n<\/strong> (Proof of Stake) thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kinh t\u1ebf. Thay v\u00ec ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t b\u0103m h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, c\u00e1c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c kh\u00f3a ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 slashing<\/strong>. Ethereum \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2022, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sang b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 The Merge<\/strong>. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ethereum kho\u1ea3ng 99.95%. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh an ninh c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sang m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c Tranh Lu\u1eadn V\u1ec1 An Ninh v\u00e0 M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n

Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa hai c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c an ninh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng an ninh tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f4 la chi ti\u00eau l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n, r\u1eb1ng chi ph\u00ed m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng Th\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 C\u01a1 H\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Bitcoin. C\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. Theo Trung t\u00e2m Cambridge v\u1ec1 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ng\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2025, khai th\u00e1c Bitcoin ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng 150 \u0111\u1ebfn 170 TWh m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng 2,000 TWh m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. C\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng 1,000 TWh. Khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng 240 TWh. T\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c chi nh\u00e1nh, ATM, trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 260 \u0111\u1ebfn 300 TWh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o trong khai th\u00e1c Bitcoin \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Khai th\u00e1c Bitcoin, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u0103m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng 59.5% n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Q4 n\u0103m 2025. C\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t con s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, kho\u1ea3ng 50 \u0111\u1ebfn 55%, l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty khai th\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean blockchain. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. C\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn trong mempool c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i, ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng giao d\u1ecbch \u0111ang ch\u1edd x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi Bitcoin \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 sai, m\u1ea5t kh\u00f3a ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 giao d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khi m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp theo, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\n

Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m: B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed mang theo r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0o. Th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2026.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee9ng C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c (Proof of Work) B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i giao d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi v\u00e0o blockchain. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":21369,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[4225,4203,5914,4820,4204],"class_list":["post-21370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bitcoin","tag-bitcoin","tag-china","tag-kazakhstan","tag-sha-256","tag-usa"],"yoast_head":"\nB\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ee9ng C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c L\u00e0 G\u00ec? 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